1. The Court

• Dimensions: A volleyball court measures 18 meters long and 9 meters wide, divided into two equal halves by a net.
• Net Height: The net is placed at a height of 2.43 meters for men's competitions and 2.24 meters for women's competitions.
• Attack Line: A line 3 meters from the net on each side, known as the attack line, separates the frontcourt from the backcourt.

2. The Ball

• The ball must be spherical, made of flexible leather or synthetic leather, and have a circumference of 65-67 cm and a weight of 260-280 grams.

3. Teams and Players

• Team Composition: Each team consists of six players on the court at any one time, with substitutions allowed during the match. Teams also have a libero, a defensive specialist who cannot attack the ball above the net's height.
• Rotation: Players rotate clockwise each time they win the serve from the opponent. The rotation ensures that each player serves and plays in each court position.

4. Scoring

• Points and Sets: Matches are played best out of five sets. The first four sets are played to 25 points, and the fifth set, if necessary, is played to 15 points. A team must win a set by at least two points.
• Rally Scoring: Points can be scored by either the serving or receiving team. Each rally ends with a point scored.

5. Serving

• Serve Order: Players must serve in the rotational order. The serve is initiated from behind the end line and must be hit over the net into the opponent's court.
• Faults: Common faults include stepping on or over the end line before the ball is contacted, failing to serve the ball over the net, and serving out of rotational order.

6. Play and Rotation

• Touches: Each team is allowed a maximum of three successive contacts to return the ball over the net. The same player cannot touch the ball twice in succession.
• Attacking and Blocking: Front-row players are allowed to attack the ball above the net. Back-row players can attack only if they jump from behind the attack line. Blocking does not count as one of the three team contacts.

7. Faults and Violations

• Ball Handling: Players must hit the ball cleanly. Carrying, lifting, or throwing the ball results in a fault.
• Net Touch: Players cannot touch the net during play. However, incidental contact with the net not affecting play may be allowed.
• Foot Fault: Stepping completely over the center line is a fault. A player’s foot can touch the line but cannot entirely cross it.

8. Libero

• Role: The libero is a defensive specialist who cannot attack the ball above the net's height. The libero wears a different color jersey and cannot serve, block, or attempt to block.
• Rotation: The libero can replace any back-row player without prior notice to the officials. However, once replaced, the player must wait one rally before re-entering the court for another player.

9. Timeouts and Substitutions

• Timeouts: Each team is allowed two timeouts per set, each lasting 30 seconds.
• Substitutions: Teams are allowed a maximum of six substitutions per set. Players can re-enter the game only in their original rotational position.

10. Officials

• Referees: Matches are controlled by first and second referees, a scorer, and line judges. The first referee has the final authority on all decisions.
• Line Judges: Line judges assist referees by indicating whether the ball is in or out of the court. 먹튀검증